Th400 fluid flow diagram. One (1) Separator Plate and Gaskets. Th400 fluid flow diagram

 
 One (1) Separator Plate and GasketsTh400 fluid flow diagram  full

, the 700R4, 4L60, TH350C. 1075 posts · Joined 2014. MOU01 TOOLS & MANUALS NI ATSG Rebuild Manual. Integrations, such as Google Docs, let you edit files directly in Miro — without duplicating work. Put it in a safe place until reassembly of the unit. Navy's fluid power training course. By definition, an oil filter’s main role is to cleanse oil from destructive contaminants within a machine such as an engine, transmission, hydraulic system and other oil-dependent systems. GM 4L80-E, 4L85-E, TH400. On the transmission (TH400) the bottom line is out and the top line is the return. 64-98 1 TH400. Anyone in readerland know of a detailed hydraulics diagram for each gear range for the 400? I would love to see detailed illustrations like whats found in the later Hydramatic factory ttaining manuals. Make sure you cover up the external trans cooler in cold weather or you will be hard pressed to keep the minimum temp. The region in which flow adjusts from zero velocity at the wall to a maximum in the main stream of the flow is termed the boundary layer. Customer read that it's the hot ticket. All TH350 transmissions include a new pan. Select any diagram type, from simple flowcharts to technical network diagrams, to learn how these visuals are used and how you can start building them. DIP01 901J Retaining Clip, Governor Cover 64-98 1 TH700. Generally, the Th400 is larger and longer than the 350. ATI now has an answer for this market and offers three variations of a 2-speed Turbo 400! OEM cased units are rated to 1800 HP and not intended for heavy weight cars. the flat plate, the bed of a river, or the wall of a pipe, the fluid touching the surface is brought to rest by the shear stress to at the wall. A 4 speed manual transmission was not offered with the 6 cylinder. One (1) Separator Plate and Gaskets. Generally, incompressible flow is a required assumption/parameter for systems using volumetric flow and single values of density. draw. You will need to determine which line is the return for the transmission. of input torque, nonetheless, aftermarket designs that have. January 05, 2022. TH400 Forward Drum & Input Shaft Upgrade Options. Viscous or Non-Viscous Flow. C. Gear Vendors has developed a solution for that issue thanks to its overdrive unit for the TH400 transmission. You can expect to use between 11 and 12 quarts of fluid in the stock version. Relative roughness is defined as the. Get specific recommendations for service about fluid type and capacity of your Chevy Trucks and Vans automatic transmission. The Top line is Return/In, it doesn't have suction so some fluid may flow out there. Type F does not add friction modifiers to the fluid. However, that’s just a rule of thumb, so it could be the other. Oil Pump Assembly. Modifications and options include: * Fully blueprinted and equipped with high-flow lube circuits, increased torque capacity, and hard chrome oil. 2 to 1. Hays Technical Support Technical Service: 1-866-464-6553 or 270-781-9741. The B&M Adjustable Vacuum Modulator (Part# 20234) comes pre-adjusted for ‘normal’ shift points, but it is fully adjustable (see below), allowing you to customize the shift points (within a range of 2-4 mph). Burnt clutches & bands. It is widely regarded to be a supremely durable and legendary transmission. 2. The term flow diagram is also used as a synonym for flowchart, and sometimes as a counterpart of the flowchart. 1) shows only the major equipment and doesn’t show details. Toll Free 800-999-9555 • Telephone (619) 562-0060 •. Presumably, the springs in the governor have become somewhat weaker during the last 35 years. Diagrams show resource flows and hand-offs between roles, as well as task dependencies and ownership. It reenters at the low-pressure end of the venous system, uses one-way valves to prevent backflow, and relies on body movement and smooth muscle contractions for propulsion. MAN01 Click here to view special tools for this transmission. $5,995. I recently removed and replaced the th400 tx in my 1980 Avanti to fix numerous tx fluid leaks. temp2c. 64-98 1 TH400. Lower radiator to upper radiator port out to external transmission cooler. 04 $ 73. The TH400 is 24. With a converter, it needs 10 to 11 quarts if completely dry. Note that modified transmissions may not include a detent solenoid. Converter 2 has the most restriction to flow; converter 5 has very little restriction. This is a special hollow bolt; oil must flow through it to the intermediate clutch. A planetary gearset (usually more than one) 4. 75 Monster Sale Price. Add 4-6 qts of fluid before starting a new install. In the case of automotive oil filters, canister-type filters are the most common. The stator control valve moves against a spring and opens the stator piston fluid passage. 400's are notorius for this because inside the metal filter shell is a cloth. Starting with a new permanent-mold Aluminum casting, the finished pump features a 3 piece design with a bolt-in, one-piece, heat treated alloy steel stator tube for improved fluid routing over the pressed in OEM or. 1717 North Magnolia Avenue, El Cajon, CA 92020. Use care to avoid damaging the material where the bushing rides. Born 283 / PG / A51. Recheck the fluid level and add as necessary after test drive. It didn't spray out, or blow the dipstick out, it just seemed to seep up and out. Types of fluid flow: definition and example [notes & pdf]Schematic diagram of the fluid-flow apparatus used for the hydraulic 4l60e fluid flow diagramProcess flow diagram circuit. Twin turbo setup. Racing Fluid (B & M or TCI) Ford- Type F Additional “Nice to Know” information is at the outer ring. TH200-4R SwapUse the external cooler before the radiator cooler. Heat exchangers are devices that typically transfer heat between two fluids. The TH400 is 24. It was introduced for the 1965 model year and made its debut in Cadillacs, and is respected for its durability and adaptability. 7: Chrysler Torqueflite 727: 5: Chrysler Torqueflite 904: 5: Ford C4: 5. Internal Leaks (Clutches). 4 lbs with solenoid, adapter, filter and spacer. In other words. Pan-Gasket (cork) & O-ring Kit, TH400, 3L80, 1967-Up, Fits Chevy, Hummer THM, TH-400. Each pitot tube has two openings, one perpendicular to the flow and one parallel to the flow. When combined with a 9. Type F has better anti-foaming agents than the Dexron specs. The advantage here is a trans that is even stronger than the original TH400 and offers an excellent 25 percent overdrive. 430 A C TURBO HYDRAMATIC 250, 250C, 350, 350C 3 SPEED RWD (Lock Up & Non Lock Up) Revision 02/2018 Home > Tech Info > Trans Cooler Return Line Chart. The purpose of the process flow diagram is to define the design of the. Cooler th400 gm 4l60 700r th350 rebuild 700r4 transmissions th k1500 reverse pickup 4l65 fluid truckforum benefits fti r4Th400 transmission 400 trans brake turbo gm chevy remanufactured speed transbrake level st300 why torque th general specs automatic need Transmission cooler lines diagramCooler lines, th400 transmission, 1967-68 bonn/cat/gp. Hey fellas, Just recently finished my first TH400 rebuild, and all things considered. Read off the corresponding friction factor. COA-23420. The fluid pan on the TH400 has 13 bolts, while the TH350 has 11 bolts. It says that the top line is the return line. The restriction effect results in pressure drops of the flowing fluid. Timeline Timeline Maker. 75-inches, is a little longer than the short tail TH400 at 28. 7,0. Here's what's changed and what might be coming down the road. While this is well established and widely. For TH400, the amount of transmission fluid it takes is 6 quarts in the pan. That's the job of your transmission filter, and though it's a small component of your vehicle, it plays an important role. Trans temp varies. A very simple modification is to entirely remove a specific check ball. Electra Sweden Well-Known Member. Transmission overfilled. Since then it has grown to be a leader among full size Chevrolet K5 Blazer and GMC Jimmy web sites across the Internet. The car uses a Rossler TH400 three-speed automatic connected to a Gear Vendors overdrive. CB, HF,. Generally, a PFD (Fig. Engine surge at idle, Low cooler flow, Low TCC release pressure Lube Regulated Pressure Regulator Valve 34200-14K Shift/Engagement Concerns Repeated Solenoid B code 86, Repeated Solenoid B code 87, 2nd Gear starts, No 4th, No 3rd 1-2 & 2-3 Shift Valve Spring Kit 34994-02K 3rd Slip, 4th Slip, Gear ratio codes, Direct clutch burned, Reverse slip Step 1. This item ships UPS. Ok, my trans cooler is mounted in front of my radiator, with an inlet on the passenger side upper (facing the grill looking at the engine), and passenger side lower side of the cooler. New flanged and bolted-in 4340 steel stator support. The TH400 is preferred for its overall durability and multitude of available ratios, but is known to be heavier and less efficient than the popular two-speed Powerglide. Recheck fluid and add as necessary. Close the apparatus flow control valve and take a zero-flow reading from the pressure gauge. CK5 has since expanded to include the classic C/K series GM Truck and Suburban as well as past and present GM models. Position jack stands securely under the vehicle. 7204 posts · Joined 2008. Web routing of th400 tx fluid cooling lines. Make sure the kickdown wire is connected to the right one. Prev Best on M/T ET S/S #3454 street Tires/Dress 2018/05/20. On the radiator the top is in and the bottom out. The handle and ends are made from 6061-T6 aluminium then hand polished and chrome plated. Select any diagram type, from simple flowcharts to technical network diagrams, to learn how these visuals are used and how you can start building them. 686fwhp @ 7,000 rpm's. It is a powerful tool for understanding the flow of information between different components of a system and how they interact with each other. The following charts provide the mainline pressure readings for all of the various TCI® transmission models. Notes: Base Corvette Coupe with 350 cu. On Power-Glides the total amount of fluid, measured in quarts, That it will take to fill the transmission will approximately be the same number of inches and your torque converter. A Moody Chart (or Moody Diagram) is a diagram used in the calculation of pressure drop or head loss due to friction in pipe flow. Wish List Compare. 69-86 1 TH350. Notable among these is its physical appearance. draw. Like the 4L80E, there are also differences between the 4L85E and the TH400 transmission. Therefore the restriction process we also called Orifice Plate. Filler Tube and Seal. While the TH200-4R doesn't fit into the. lbs. Proper diagram interpretation will require reader to slow-down and "read" the fluid-flow schematic for Rear Servo Flow vs Int Apply flow, and the associated disabled-restrictors to said flow. Additionally, the most effective way of relaying information about a process design is the. Trans Brake Connectors. Today, electrical control often includes a smart communication signal that can be superimposed over the 4-20mA control signal, allowing. 686fwhp @ 7,000 rpm's. Many companies offer rebuilts, which sell in the $600 to $900 range, but cores are usually required. It takes a lot of fluid to push it all out. Step 3: Drive New Bushing. As the fluid temperature increases, a level change of over 3/4 will occur as fluid temperature rises from 60 to 180 degrees. It's design and test validation centers around the flow rates of 14-16 GPM oil at +240°F. $135. TECHNOLOGY Document No. There is a difference in size between the Th400 and Th350. 13 in. The type of flow expected in a given system can be determined by using the Reynolds number (Re): the ratio of inertial force and viscous force Re = ρ u dp/η Where: ρ = solvent density. The amount of oil moved is directly proportional to engine speed. Replace the filter and fill the transmission with new ATF (the. As with all Jake’s Performance transmissions they include all new friction clutches, bands, steel plates, soft parts, filter, modulator (if applicable), as well as hydraulic upgrades, and other modifications depending on power level. The most detailed way of modeling multiphase flow is with surface tracking methods, such as the level set or. It is a device in which pressure energy is converted into kinetic energy and is used to measure the rate of flow through a pipe. Can also be stated that changes in density = 0. Thanks in advance for your reply. Even. The TH400 has recently become one of the best selling transmissions for high horsepower racing setups thanks to many new product designs. The TH350 has a TV (Throttle Valve) cable and the TH400 does not. Additionally, check the transmission case for "TH400" or "Turbo 400" markings. It's design and test validation centers around the flow rates of 14-16 GPM oil at +240°F. Cerebrospinal fluid flow. 00 ATI Racing ProductsP 1 + 1 2 ρ v 1 2 + ρ g h 1 = P 2 + 1 2 ρ v 2 2 + ρ g h 2. ATI SuperCase recommended over 2000 HP! 2-Speed Max-Duty Outlaw T400 Transmission 1,800 to 3,000 HP Max rating, depending on options. STEP 1: Drain oil and remove transmission from vehicle. Note the release pressure in Reverse. ρ = the density of the fluid. It has better power flow for big power applications, much more clutch capacity and apply area than the 4L60E. Lost cooler flow. Super F is great for any non-electric transmission. 25-inches. Compare. Liquid flow can be vicious or non-viscous. Fire it up and let it idle for a bit. Converter 2 has the most restriction to flow; converter 5 has very little restriction. Take the governor assembly to your workbench and proceed to Step 2. A hydraulic system 3. Use a sharp-angle cut punch to catch the edge of the old bushing and remove it. Remove the governor assembly by pulling out and turning 1/8 turn counterclockwise. A flowchart is a wonderful way to map out and document a collaborative project or process. Lucidchart for advanced functionality. TH400. so should the lower port go to the top or bottom on my cooler. Pro-Mod. There is a lot of fluid in the converter. Cerebrospinal fluid flow. Check on the ground where your car is normally parked. Web find fluid cooler lines th400 transmission model and get free shipping on orders over $109 at summit racing! Web routing of th400 tx fluid cooling lines. 37” long and comes in at a weight of 135 pounds dry. Nitrogen Oxides Catalytic Converter (LM2 With Filter) assembly. It’s used to document a process, improve a process or model a new one. 1. 450 HP/TQ capable but proven at much higher HP levels. 25 inches longer than the TH400. In with the good, out with the bad. in the year 1921. Transmission Case. I think I would go into the pan. The traditional understanding of CSF physiology assumes that 80% of CSF is secreted by the choroid plexus into the ventricular cavities. GAS10 RUBBER COMPONENTS 120A Front Pump O Ring TH400. Be the first to review this product . Part of the TH400 inefficiency results from the fact that the direct drum counter-rotates, spinning backwards in 1st gear, brakes to a complete stop on the 1-2 shift, then goes. Some areas are cast iron, such as the center support for the transmission. #1 · Oct 4, 2018. Customer car, on the dyno. On the transmission (TH400) the bottom line is out and the top line is the return. Some cars that used the 4L80E transmission include Chevrolet/GMC pickups, commercial vehicles, and vans. 75:1 first gear ratio. The discharge of water from elevated reservoirs through long conduits such as for the fountains at Versailles suggested investigations about the resistance in relation to the. 2000 s10 starter wiring diagram bunn coffee. Flow diagrams, also known as flowcharts, are powerful tools for optimizing the paths - or flow - of people, objects or. B) TH-350 and 700-R4 – Remove the long clip holding the governor cover to the case and remove1973-89 Pre-Bent Transmission Lines. By maintaining on demand pressure and flow, internal leakage is reduced, and the system generates less heat. Here the orifice plate is used for the restriction in the direction of the fluid flow. Type F has better anti-foaming agents than the Dexron specs. 6l80 Transmission Cooler Flow Direction. Contracts pervade practically every area of an organization — human resources, purchasing, legal, etc. 190 hp engine and wide ratio four speed manual transmission: $5,398. jeepers creepers. Check circulation/filter pump for problems. Wiering on gm 4l60 transmission 4l60e wiring diagram Megashift(tm) v2 code 4l60 transmission wiring diagram. Fitting Location Thread Size Flow Direction. The Muncie was typically used in high horsepower applications. 1. 2. Halliburton Cementing Skid Systems offer cementing and well-control pump performance for consistent, high-quality cement slurries by mixing the correct proportions of dry material and fluids. In this episode KD and I get the Th400 ready to run!!!Follow my instagram @youngchevytruckOk, my trans cooler is mounted in front of my radiator, with an inlet on the passenger side upper (facing the grill looking at the engine), and passenger side lower side of the cooler. Please confirm if this is correct. Number-1 check ball missing. Virginia Speed Built LSX 418. Qty. With early models, remove and discard the gasket. TH400 fluid drainback The 1973 - 1987 Chevrolet & GMC Squarebody Pickups Message Board. By contrast, for drawdown tests, engineers open the well after a specified shut-in period to observe BHP decrease. draw. Register or Log In To remove these advertisements. Turbo 400 All Terminator level Transmissions have a $300 Core Charge. 30-year old TH400 with old B&M shift kit and 12" stock GM VP converter that worked fine when pulled out. Due to packing and/or transportation requirements, please allow additional time for delivery. The Centrifugal pump operates on the forced vortex flow concept. The high grade materials used. #1 Hey guys! does anyone have a chart or diagram with th flow-direction of the fluid inside a TH400? I don't mean to ask what port is the in- or outlet for the radiator, but what way goes the ATF inside? does it go from the pan through the valve-body to the converter and finally to the cooler or does it take another way? Can someone guide me as to the correct connections for my TH400 Auto Tranny to the Radiator on my 69 Coupe BB? I am thinking the it should be as follows: FROM TRANNY TO RADIATOR: Outgoing hot fluid from UPPER Tranny Outlet Connection is routed on right outboard side of BB engine and turns out and up. IIRC, the flow from most older GM vehicles was out of the top of the radiator cooler. 10. The highest GPM we have ever recorded on a TH400 was less than 8 GPM. com 33 Condition: Weak pump or clogged filter. Qwik-req "Parts Requisition Forms". where V is the volume and t is the elapsed time. Using a straight edge, follow the point straight left, parallel to the x-axis, until you reach the far left side of the chart. Closed-center pressure and flow-compensated hydraulic system with load sensing reduces unnecessary engine load and improves fuel efficiency by providing pressure and flow only on demand. Top = Return/Out to top Trans line. 10-12 quarts . 1K. 37” long and comes in at a weight of 135 pounds dry. The TH350 has a TV (Throttle Valve) cable and the TH400 does not. SmartDraw for the fastest diagramming. on the th400 is the top port (closer to trans tunnle) or the bottom port (closer to the pan) in or out? also should the out of the trans go to the top. Instrumentation detail varies with the degree of design complexity. Please note that the charts show the fluid capacity for a new converter. (597 N·m) of torque. Although not mandatory, we have found that hooking up4l80e fluid flow diagramValve body diagram transmission 4r100 superior indicated automatic below 4r100 transmission diagram4r100 e40d e4od f150 f250 f350 mecanica automotriz. These stainless steel waterfall pumps are designed for. If not I'll have to. 877-298-5039. Fluid flow, as it is derived from the main equations of fluid dynamics, is often discussed in terms of. stuarta. 375 wall driveshafts, Avalanche Titan axles, 2 1/2 ton third members, CTM axle shafts and Ujoints, ARB's, 15k Warn, Onboard welder and CO2, Halon and Coldfire extinguishers. In the meantime I found a couple more quarts of trans fluid lying around. The 4L85E is also bigger than the TH400, which is evident in the length and size of the pan. Register or Log In To remove these advertisements. It was like that for a about 2 weeks or so, so a lot of other fluid drained as well besides the initial fluid that poured out at the beginning. The 200-4R is a 4-speed automatic overdrive transmission by GM, capable of fitting into most Chevy’s from the 80s and before, built similarly to the TH200 and TH350, as well as the 2-speed Powerglide transmission. The first thing to check if you suspect that the transmission is acting up is the automatic transmission fluid (ATF) level in the transmission itself. 20 in. You want the already warm fluid to flow into the external cooler to help better control fluid temperatures, so. The SuperCase features improved fluid pathways to assure. TH400 Super Pump ATI's Turbo 400 Super Pump is designed to prevent tube damage and increase fluid flow for better cooling. 8 lbs as is, and 8. Check the fluid level. 190 hp engine and wide ratio four speed manual transmission: $5,561. Intermediate servo piston or pin stuck so that band is applied. 88) AED 850 HO carb. You want the hot fluid to rise to the top of cooler. DEXRON III, VI. Go to the online draw. Figure 12-4: Typical schematic diagram. Select Device to save your flow chart to your device. Select a Smart Template from the Venngage library and edit according to your needs. $18. Pinless Accumulator Piston Kit 77998-03K. Filtration is a physical separation process that separates solid matter and fluid from a mixture using a filter medium that has a complex structure through which only the fluid. FTI TH400 parts and accessories will help your transmission rebuild or repair go more smoothly. A counter-flow heat exchanger is one in which the direction of the flow of one of the working fluids is opposite to the direction to the flow of the other fluid. C20 trailblazer oe 6p envoy 07 chevy silverado transmission fluid Cooler lines trans line cruze radiator chevrolet chevy transmission diagram oil turbo leaking automatic gm parts fullsize is. The rate of CSF formation in humans is 0. Simplified or conceptual designs are called process flow diagrams (PFDs). TH200R 10-12 quarts . Pro-Mod Max. Once complete you can share your flow chart template with your colleagues and customers online or save it! 2. We do recommend, however, that the 12 volt be fused for safety. Reply Quote. The lowest pressure this valve will regulate to is 50psi. And there it is, finally. Call us now for more info about our products. A Process Flow Diagram (PFD) is a type of flowchart that illustrates the relationships between major components at an industrial plant. ------------------. 50: 400-1: Auto Shift: $2,398. See our manual for 1988-98 Chevy and GMC C/K 1500/2500/3500 Trucks, Blazer, Tahoe, Suburban, and Yukon Cooling System Service (drain, flush and fill) at Haynes. Size of Converter. I need to know which cooling connection on the transmission is in and which is out. Also be aware that many of the newer cars and trucks out there take different variations of the type F fluids. * Or ** after the sell price means your order will incur an Oversize Part Charge for each oversized part. lbs. XHD. Step 1: Remove Oil Pump, Manual Shaft and Speedometer Gear Housing. Because of its aluminum and iron construction, it weighs in at 135 pounds without fluid. Top. It says that the top line is the return line. . Mark this point on the Chart. TCI Auto Technical Resources offer you a FAQ section, support articles, recommendations and and more. Fuel line will last a while, then might fail, which can be way too exciting. Remove the driveshaft. 73. The rate of fluid flow through a pipe is measured by a venturimeter. Water and steam are a common fluid used for heat exchange in the primary circuit (from surface of fuel rods to the coolant flow) and in the secondary circuit. T4 (4T60)/ 4T60E. Correction: New pump with Sonnax Boost Valve Kit 34910-01K, Sonnax Pressure Regulator Th400 Fluid Flow Diagram - schematron org 2 Th400 Power Flow Chart 2019-11-18 contains a large section on stroker packages Also featured are the latest street heads from AFR, Dart, RHS, World Products, and other prominent manufacturers While the design is more than 60 years old, the aftermarket for this powerplant is still developing Th400 Fluid Flow Diagram - schematron org Th400 Power Flow Chart SIEMENS SITRANS PROBE LU INSTRUCTION MANUAL Pdf Download June 1st, 2018 - View and Download Siemens Sitrans PROBE LU instruction manual online 2 wire loop powered ultrasonic transmitter for level volume and flow monitoring of liquids Chevrolet GMC amp Th400 fluid direction. I would double check the size of the fittings on the radiator, and see about finding some smaller fittings for the trans, and run 5/16" line. Figure 9 represents the directions of fluid flow in the parallel and counter-flow exchangers. d. Th400 Fluid Flow Diagram. Size of Converter. That said, I prefer and recommend Mobil 1, Royal Purple, or Amsoil synthetics. Make sure you cover up the external trans cooler in cold weather or you will be hard pressed to keep the minimum temp. Disassemble, clean, and re-assemble using new lip seals. 1-2 or 2-3 valvetrain stuck. Laminar and Turbulent Fluid Flow. I have a TH400 and i used a lokar kickdown cable that plugs into the tranny drivers side then runs to the fuse box for the current. Incompressible flow – A fluid flow where variations in density are negligible i. Pressure chart line shift firmness correct adjust safe kit way onlyFlow th400 schematron gm I have a 1995 suburban with 4l60e, newly rebuilt for the second. Increased fluid volume and pressure at lower RPM's increases the holding power of the powerglide's transbrake. Make sure to adjust the TV cable with the video’s help. FIGURE 10A-1 GM GM 4L80-E, 4L85-E, TH400 Valve Body Layout. Top port on the TH400 is the outlet and connects to the. With Venngage’s Smart Diagrams templates and drag-and-drop flowchart maker, you can easily duplicate, add, or delete nodes. 5 inches up to 1. This is the principle used to extend the ram on a hydraulic cylinder. . It circulates the hot fluid away to the radiator via cooler lines and returns the cooled fluid back to the transmission. I found Gearstar online (and clicked the "TH400" link. Process Flow Diagrams or PFDs are developed using a series of symbols and notations to convey information for a process. Please use professional soldering techniques and heat shrink on all connections. If you can maintain fluid temperature below 175º F the fluid should last for as much as 100,000 miles. Turbo Hydramatic 400 (TH400) General Camaro Transmission Information The 6 cylinder models came with Saginaw 3 speed transmissions. Top port on the TH400 is the outlet and connects to the bottom port on the radiator. A control valve or a combination of control valves . GAS01 109J Pan Gasket (Fibre). Its diagram, definition, parts, working, formula,. 4 lbs lighter than OEM - weighs 6.